Scanning the Business Environment Free Essays

The ability to think and plan for the future in a manner that is strategically advantageous for the firm requires many creative techniques. Even though some of these techniques may prove to have better and more obvious advantages, many strategists prefer to use all of them to gain different insights into the data presented to them. The variety of perspectives that these different techniques provide enables strategists to develop strategies that encompass a variety of problems and opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Scanning the Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now They can then foresee many contingencies or issues and make plans to take account of them in their plans for the future of the company. Some of the techniques used include extrapolation, brainstorming, Delphi Technique and scenario building. Brainstorming is the most widely used extrapolation technique due to its incredible array of advantages. Some it being that it enables constructive criticism on the spot for all ideas and those ideas that cannot ‘stand the heat’ buck out. It enables many heads to come and focus on one core issue and bring in their various expertises onto the table. Linneman Klein, December 1983). Delphi method is a different type of brainstorming where in different experts are presented with the same problem and asked to present their opinions, assumptions and solution based on their understanding of the problem at hand. Delphi Method is peculiar in the sense that the individuals do not meet face to face unlike in brainstorming sessions where in all members constructively criticize each problem and propose a final outcome via consensus. Morgan, Hunt, 2002) In Delphi method there is no face to face interaction at all and individuals are asked to report their findings to a coordinator who then compiles and resends the findings to the individual members who then submit recommendations till a final consensus is achieved. This method takes much more time to reach a consensus due to the fact that there is no face to face interaction and a coordinator has to be present to compile data. Its advantage on the other hand is that individuals are allowed to present their completely developed ideas without being interrupted and criticized (Linneman, Klein, December 1983). Prediction via extrapolation techniques involves having a set of variables, independent and dependent and then using them to logically calculate the unknown independent variable. Mathematical calculations can be easily used to solve typical ratio or linear problems but since all relationships are not linear or so easily defined it comes down to the interpreter’s capabilities to understand and rationalize a problem. One can either use mathematical representation to solve such problems or they can also be solved graphically which is why their solution and interpretation are very easy to get compared to other predictive techniques. Scenario building as a predictive technique also has its own advantages whereby individuals run marketing analyses of environmental contexts and this analysis leads to the determining of various marketing strategies for response, action or selection. The chosen strategies need to fit or be adaptive of the changing environments (Morgan, Hunt, 2002). References: Morgan, Hunt, Robert E, Shelby D. (2002). Determining marketing strategy: A cybernetic systems approach to scenario planning. Emerald, 36, Retrieved June, 23, 2009, from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/03090560210417264 Linneman, Klein, Robert E., Harold E. (December, 1983). Long Range Planning: The use of multiple scenarios by U.S. industrial companies. Science Direct, 16, Retrieved June, 23, 2009, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V6K-45K4MP1X8_user=10_rdoc=1_fmt=_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=937302876_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=f65f1a945e8f0c0751487b5d823e974e How to cite Scanning the Business Environment, Papers

Level of Competition Tends in Market †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Level of Competition Tends in Market. Answer: Introduction: The five forces model is a potent approach which can be used to analyse any given industry or a firm and based on the existing environmental factors, it can be used to outline the expected profitability of the underlying industry or firm. For the chosen industry, the five forces model framework can be applied in the manner highlighted below. The internal rivalry indicates the level of competition that tends to exist in a given market. In case of Australian textile industry, the internal rivalry is quite high which is primarily attributed to the attributes of Australian economy. Owing to the underlying geography and demographics, the market is quite fragmented with a plethora of smaller players which are serving specific geographies and niche segments. While at the national level, couple of players (David Jones Myers) may dominate but simultaneously there exists a host of smallEconomics clothing manufacturers that are serving dedicated niche clientele (IBISWorld, 2017). Further, a more intense rivalry is faced by the foreign firms especially based in countries in China and India which tend to bring in cheaper fabric and textiles and thus pose a significant challenge to the existing players. Owing to this cost pressure, the Australian textile and clothing industry has progressively declined over the last two decades. This is because the Australian textile or cloth manufacturers have a significantly higher labour costs as compared to their Asian counterparts and hence it is not feasible to manufacture the textiles in Australia. The big firms tend to import textiles from China only and focus at value addition activities in the form of designing and branding only (Nimbalker, Mawson and Harris, 2015). Thus, owing to the unique geography of Australia a host of players exist which tend to lead to high amount of competition. This has adverse impact on profitability of the industry as the requisite scale is not achieved and hence economies of scale are not reaped. In the absence of economies of scale, the overall cost remains high and the same tends to reflect in the lower profit margin considering the fragmented nature of the industry and low spending on clothes by Australians (IBISWorld, 2017). The suppliers in case of clothing and textile business tend to have a low bargaining power. This is on account of several reasons. The first reason contributing to the same is the existence of a number of suppliers resulting in high competition amongst the same. This has worsened in the last two decades as the foreign suppliers have also penetrated the Australian markets. These suppliers tend to deal with big wholesalers and national players and provide them with supplies imported from China. Also, it is imperative to note that the underlying raw material cost is not a very high or significant proportion of the overall selling price and hence cost considerations are not very critical (IBISWorld, 2017). Additionally, for the input supplies, there are wide range of substitutes available which further impacts their bargaining power adversely. The distribution network also has become more diversified with the advent of online shopping especially in urban centres. Hence, this further weak ens the role of suppliers. Besides, the switching costs for the manufacturers and retailers amongst the suppliers tend to be low only which further erodes the supplier power (Nimbalker, Mawson and Harris, 2015). It is apparent from the above discussion that the power of the suppliers does not adversely impact of profitability as they have low power owing to the high competition, presence of easily available substitutes and the low input cost for the goods. Further, it is essential that the core focus for the clothing is on branding and focusing on the niche segments which is essentially not done by the suppliers but rather the retailer. Hence, the supplier has limited power to pass on any price hikes to the various retailers or manufacturers (Nimbalker, Mawson and Harris, 2016). The profitability of the industry is influenced by the power possessed by the buyers or customers. The higher the power, the lower would be underlying profit margins (Modern, 2007). For the clothing industry, the power of the buyers is typically high which is apparent from the trend of decreasing expenditure on cloth over the last two decades. The clothing industry is highly fragmented with very few national players which ensure that buyers have many options. Fragmentation is also observed at a number of levels since there are retail clothing chains but also dedicated boutique shops which cater to the individual needs of the customers based in specific geographies. Hence, it is apparent that the customers tend to have a host of choices (IBISWorld, 2017). In the clothing industry, the key differentiator is not price but rather the Economics quality and brand. This is because the customers are not price sensitive and hence are willing to pay the premium in case their needs could be met. One of the reasons for the lesser price sensitivity may be on account of the lesser expenditure of cloth due to which the customers would not paying a premium for exclusive designs or premium quality. This presents ample opportunity for the clothing industry to earn a higher profit by ensuring that the products are catered to the target customers. The critical element is to keep up with the changing preferences which are typically less dynamic than Europe and hence not difficult for the sellers (Nimbalker, Mawson and Harris, 2016). Typically for an industry that offers products that can be easily substituted, the profit margins tend to be low as higher prices would push the consumers into evaluating the available alternatives. On the other hand, for an industry which offers products or services that cannot be easily substituted, the demand would be inelastic and hence profitability would be potentially higher (Modern, 2007). It is apparent that there are not many substitutes for the clothing industry and eventually the customers have to buy from the various options in terms of players or sellers. There are a plethora of complements available in the form of fashion industry and other services such as stylists which also tend to play a critical role in informing the customers about the ongoing trends especially in Europe (IBISWorld, 2017). This is imperative for the clothing industry as this tends to enhance the awareness of the consumers towards the value added aspect of clothing in the form of design, style, fabric quality along with exclusivity. Further, substitute is available in the form of channels since online shopping is becoming more prevalent but in terms of clothing as a product, there is not much availability of substitutes. As a result, the presence of complements along with absence of substitutes tend to contribute towards the enhanced profitability for the industry. Typically for industries where the threat of new entrants is higher, the profit margins tend to be lower. This is because as the profit margins of the industry remain high, more players would enter the market and increase both supply and competition, thus leading to lower profit margins. On the other hand, for industries where the threat of new entrants is low, the profit margins tend to be higher (Modern, 2007). Considering the dynamics of the given industry, it is apparent that the threat of new entrants is low. One of the key reasons responsible for the same is that the Australian clothing industry is not very price sensitive and hence superior customer understanding, established brand and distribution network so as to reach the customer is imperative. While it may be easier for a player to import clothes from China, it would be a time and resource consuming to establish a distribution network along with a brand. Further, considering the geographical distribution of customers, it would require significant upfront investment to cover a large geography. A new entrant would need to decide whether it wants to focus on a particular geography or have a wider reach. The presence of these factors ensures that there is limited entry of new players in this market. Also, considering the empirical evidence over the past two decades, it is apparent that consolidation is taking place in the industry esp ecially amongst the larger players as scale leads to lower costs. However, there is ample space for boutique players to exist provided they can cater to the needs of the consumers (IBISWorld, 2017). Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion involving the five forces, it is apparent that the profitability of the industry tends to be moderate to high. One of the reasons is the non-price sensitive nature of the buyers which ensures that a suitable premium would be paid for any product which meets the preferences of the customers. This ensures that the players do not have to compete on price and therefore could potentially have higher profitability margins. Aid in this regards is also provided by the limited power of suppliers and also higher entry barriers considering the focus on brand building and understanding of the preferences of the consumers. References IBISWorld (2017), Clothing Industry in Australia, [online] Available at https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/market-research-reports/retail-trade/other-store-based-retailing/clothing-retailing.html [Accessed October 1, 2017] Modern, T. (2007), Principles of Strategic Management(3rd ed.), NY: Ashgate Publishing Nimbalker, G., Mawson, J. and Harris, C. (2015), 2015 Australian Fashion Report, [online] Available at https://www.abc.net.au/cm/lb/6398294/data/fashion-report-data.pdf [Accessed October 1, 2017] Nimbalker, G., Mawson, J. and Harris, C. (2016), 2016 Australian Fashion Report, [online] Available at https://baptistworldaid.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2016-Australian-Fashion-Report.pdf [Accessed October 1, 2017]

Hospital Corporation of America (HCA)

HCA has a board of directors whose main function is to oversee its general administration. It makes corporate decisions on behalf of the institution, which include funding projects and acquisition of new facilities. An additional function of the board is to employ and fire the company’s directors and officers when need arises.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the institution has the position of Chairman and ‘Chief Executive Officer’ (CEO) who coordinates its daily activities within the hospitals and other medical facilities around the world. The vice president in charge of finance manages the institution’s assets. Lastly, the senior vice president oversees the well-being of employees and clients[1]. The headquarters of HCA is in Nashville in the state of Tennessee, US; moreover, it is in the Nashville-Dav idson County. It has initiated community-based programs that help the community in diverse ways. The institution owns hospitals and properly established surgical facilities in twenty states, in the U.S and London in England. It provides sufficient Medicare that meets the community’s healthcare demands. Moreover, it puts together many services with an aim of delivering maximum quality and efficient medication to clients. The institution shares technology with other facilities to ensure excellent Medicare. It is noteworthy that it also offers training for health practitioners through a well-integrated internship curriculum. This mainly targets medical students from colleges[2]. Its excellently structured hierarchy of governance shuns any misapprehension between personnel, especially the administration. It is noteworthy that the board of directors designates duties to the directors and officers of the institution. As a result, the officers seek administrative clarifications from the board through the Chairman and CEO. This ensures they respect the authority of the Chairman and CEO. Moreover, the junior officers and departmental heads receive directions from their respective supervisors and coordinators. Efficiency at work is one of the shared values that connect all individuals involved in HCA. The institution requires all personnel to embrace efficiency in every duty they perform. Furthermore, its employees practice professionalism at work. Thus, they perform every task in accordance with the set rules and regulations. It is evident that teamwork is a quality present in HCA’s employees, whereby they work together to ensure they provide consummate services to clients. In this institution, each employee is accountable for the actions and decisions he undertakes. This ensures they perform their work with care and concentration to avoid mistakes[3].Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first p aper with 15% OFF Learn More In achieving its purpose, the institution offers various services in healthcare. In order to attain these, there are practices that must be undertaken. The first one is the management of patient account services, which enables it keep records about its patients. Additionally, the supply chain services ensure the institution acquires all the tools, machinery, personnel and drugs it requires for its daily operation. The other practice is the management of the payroll services through its payroll center. This helps in the payment of hospital bills by patients seeking its services. It is noteworthy that, in HCA, the board of governors remains the highest ranked office. This board conveys administrative decisions to the institution employees through the Chairman and CEO who passes it to his juniors. The Senior Vice Chairman in charge of finance ensures the implementation of these decisions. Moreover, he has a direct link with the CEO, with whom he di scusses various institutional issues. It is evident that the departmental heads convey medical decisions to the personnel in their respective departments. Most importantly, employees act upon these decisions in accordance to the instructions provided. Employees in HCA departments include medical professionals who formulate laws and policies enacted in the corporation. In addition, there are also subordinate staffs such as financial clerks, receptionists, and cleaners who ensure the corporation performs its duties adequately[4]. Execution of these inherent powers takes place through a number of ways that are both formal and informal. It is evident that incase the board has a significant administrative decision to make, it arranges for a formal meeting with the CEO. This gives him a chance to react to these decisions before they reach the employees. The execution of administrative decisions can take place through notifications placed in the institutions weekly bulletins. Such decision s are minor, and thus employees can access them at their own time. It is evident that each employee receives the bulletins on a weekly basis. At HCA, internal memos convey formal departmental decisions, which are mainly medical related. Thus, the employees in these departments come across them on their office notice boards or desks. Additionally, departmental notices placed on announcement boards can convey these decisions. On the contrary, those involved can make decisions informally through office sermons and corridor notifications[5].Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More HCA is legally responsible for the quality of healthcare its hospitals offer patients by ensuring it abide by all laws. This means that it has to adhere to the rules and regulations set up, in managing all its hospitals. It is noteworthy that the governing body provides HCA wit h all approved standards of professional practice and patient care. Thus, any violations result into severe punishment of the institution in accordance to the set laws. Another law governing the institution involves its shares whereby, the corporation prohibits the issuing of more than one hundred and twenty five million shares of common stock at $.01 each. In addition, the board acting on a majority vote may alter the organizations by laws. Most importantly, HCA has adhered to all these policies and laws; thus, it performs its functions efficiently[6]. At HCA, success results from adherence to its mission and values. Thus, success means improving human life through deliverance of excellent and cost effective healthcare. Moreover, success at HCA means advancing the care given to patients by enacting measures that support their care providers. It also determines its success by ensuring patient safety during treatment and other healthcare sessions. Most importantly, success means posi tive response by patients to the healthcare services it offers. On the contrary, HCA defines failure as not adhering to its mission and values. This mainly refers to the provision of poor medical care to patients who seek its services. The other definition of failure at HCA is the delivering of low quality and expensive healthcare in the community. Most importantly, failure at HCA refers to poor or no response by patients to the services the corporation provides[7]. The institution is successful in meeting its goals as it has managed to deliver exceptional and reasonably priced services to clients. Thus, patients have so far been contented with the healthcare services that HCA offers. It is noteworthy that the institution has succeeded because it has established community-based programs that help the society with healthcare issues they are facing. Moreover, caregivers and all other staff enjoy the appropriate working conditions at the institution. Hence, they have committed themselv es to serving the clients efficiently. The institution has also succeeded as it has won various awards such as fortune award and national patient safety foundation. These awards clearly portray the extent to which the institutions excellent work is evident in the provision of healthcare services. Additionally, it is successful because the health facilities it operates have registered large number of clients recently[8]. One of the effects of HCA’s core practices is that it has enabled the average American and English citizens to access medical care. This is through the achievement of its goals. It is a fact that different community based programs it has initiated has helped the community stay fee from illness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These programs include the provision of healthcare education and training of needy groups. These groups include pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with extraordinary illnesses like cancer and HIV aids. Additionally, HCA has provided employment to the individuals coordinating these programs. These include those offering teaching services to the people[9]. The institution adapt to challenges promptly as it has put in place recovery and alternative programs, which help in overcoming such situations. It is evident that the institution is currently advancing its backup programs to ensure they are effective when need arises. Furthermore, HCA overcomes challenges in treatment procedures brought about by newly emerging diseases. This is through regular training of their medical staff on the trends of newly emerging diseases. As a result, they attain the skills to counter these diseases. Moreover, management challenges are subject to consultation with administration experts who adv ises HCA board on what measures to take (HCA). If I were the leader, I would introduce annual employee training programs. Here, they would undergo training on additional services provided by the institution. This will facilitate efficient services to the clients’ even with the absence of concerned employees. As one, can easily stand-in for a colleague. Additionally, I would start a community outreach program in all HCA hospitals in a bid to reduce the number of outpatients flocking the hospitals. In these programs, the community will undergo training on health issues. Furthermore, those who are unwell will receive treatment from mobile doctors. Thus, only severe cases receive additional treatment at the health facilities. The other step I would take as the leader of HCA is to collaborate with other hospitals on services that HCA facilities do not offer. This will reduce the moving of patients from one hospital to another. Another step I will take, as the leader of the institu tion is to ensure the unions address my employees’ needs. Works Cited Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). Hospital Corporation of America. 2011. Web. Rodengen, Jeffrey. The legend of HCA: Hospital Corporation of America. Florida, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 2003. Print. Footnotes Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). Hospital Corporation of America .2011. Web. Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). Hospital Corporation of America .2011. Web. Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). Hospital Corporation of America .2011. Web. Rodengen, Jeffrey. The legend of HCA: Hospital Corporation of America. (Florida, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 2003), 13. Rodengen, Jeffrey. The legend of HCA: Hospital Corporation of America. (Florida, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 2003), 20. Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). Hospital Corporation of America .2011. Web. Rodengen, Jeffrey. The legend of HCA: Hospital Corporation of America. (Florida, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 2003), 29 Hospital C orporation of America (HCA). Hospital Corporation of America .2011. Web. Rodengen, Jeffrey. The legend of HCA: Hospital Corporation of America. (Florida, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 2003), 24. This essay on Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) was written and submitted by user Gilbert Melton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ernest Hemingway Essay Example

Ernest Hemingway Essay Example Ernest Hemingway Essay Ernest Hemingway Essay Essay Topic: A Farewell to Arms Everything Is Illuminated For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway is one of the most legendary figures in American literature. known for his authorship every bit good as his love of the dangerous- deep sea fishing. large game hunting. tauromachy in Spain. etc. As an writer. he covers countless capable affair in a really typical manner. His sentences are short and non-descriptive. and the reader must work to bring out literary elements like subject. Dialogue is his existent forte. He uses really few descriptive inside informations. His novels tend to be more about masculine topics and based on his escapades while his short narratives are known for his geographic expedition of functions between work forces and adult females. His novels tend to be based on his experiences. In fact. as the Hemingway Resource Center provinces. When you want to happen the truth about Hemingway’s life. look first to his fiction ( Hemingway resource centre ) . In Our Time was published in 1925 and contained some really noteworthy short narratives. such as Big Two-Hearted River. Work force Without Women was published in 1927. The Sun Besides Rises was one of the first books he published. and the capable affair was a group of immature people populating in Spain. expatriates populating abroad. The chief character was in love with a adult female who was besides in love with a toreador. The Sun Besides Rises introduced the universe to the lost generation and was a critical and commercial success. Set in Paris and Spain. the book was a narrative of unrequitable love against a background of bars and bullfighting ( Hemingway Resource Center ) . Soon after that in 1929 came A Farewell to Arms. which some would state is the best book to come out of the experience of World War I. The tragic stoping really comes from one of Hemingway’s married womans ( Pauline ) and her battles with childbearing. And after that came his thesis called Death in the Afternoon. all about bullfighting. Hemingway says that. It is intended as an debut to the modern Spanish corrida and efforts to explicate that spectacle both emotionally and practically. It was written because there was no book which did this in Spanish or in English. In this thesis he began to organize his thought of the true hero as grace under force per unit area. He besides outlined his theory of omission or iceberg rule. which is a theory really of import to future literature. He states: If a author of prose knows plenty about what he is composing about he may exclude things that he knows and the reader. if the author is composing genuinely plenty. will hold a feeling of those things every bit strongly as though the author had stated them. The self-respect of motion of the iceberg is due to merely one-eighth of it being above H2O. The author who omits things because he does non cognize them merely makes hollow topographic points in his authorship. ( Hemingway Resource Center ) . His novel called The Green Hills of Africa in 1935 came from the captivation Hemingway had with Teddy Roosevelt’s African runing campaign. With borrowed money from his wife’s uncle. Hemingway spent three months in Africa on a campaign of his ain. The novel comes from this. 1940 brought For Whom the Bell Tolls. a novel about the Spanish Civil War. Many of his novels were truly about that whole thought of the Hemingway hero. The Hemingway hero must confront decease courageously and unrecorded life to the fullest even in the presence of decease. Hemingway suffered through a long period of non being favored by the critics and was determined to derive back his old position. This is when he published The Old Man and the Sea. the quintessential novel of bravery and continuity. This book sold over 5 million transcripts in a really short clip. and all of a sudden Hemingway was on top of the pile one time once more. This book about a man’s battle with a banging marlin even won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953. He merely could non double the glare of this book once more. His nonfiction studies of Paris in the 1920s called A Moveable Feast ( 1964 ) did nil to progress his repute. Unfortunately. due to age and medical jobs Hemingway neer wrote anything near to this once more. He ended up killing himself due to depression and medical jobs. While the subjects of his novels tend to go around around his experience. his short narratives do so excessively but to a lesser extent. His focal point in many of his celebrated short narratives tends to be more about the deficiency of communicating between males and females. For illustration. His short narratives The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Short Happy Life of Frances Macomber both come from the safari experience every bit good although the focal point is different. In Snows of Kilimanjaro. Hemingway’s chief male character is a author who has fundamentally wasted his endowment by going sexually involved with a rich adult female who buys him everything he needs. This short narrative can surely be seen as Hemingway himself keening the manner that he was wasted his endowment as a write although some say it is about F. Scott Fitzgerald. His male character. Harry. is a chauvinistic hog while the female character attends to his every demand. She is weak. and this allows the author to take entire advantage of her. Again. the reader can’t aid but inquire how much of this is autobiographical. Another short narrative that has gained much attending is from the 1927 book called work forces without Women. This narrative is called Hills Like White Elephants shows how much of a narrative Hemingway could state with really small. It defines his minimalist manner. In authoritative Hemingway manner a twosome sits at the saloon of a train station discoursing an unknown topic. Part of the beauty of the narrative is that the reader must work to bring out the topic of their conversation. but besides that every item in the scene. in the narrative itself goes toward doing significance. It besides shows the communicating dislocation between adult male and adult female. For illustration. the really fact that the narrative is set in a train station is pure beauty. This twosome must do a determination about the issue before them ( abortion ) . There is no traveling back and there is non standing still. They must acquire on whichever train they are acquiring on without vacillation. As the miss looks out one side of the station. she sees green. fertile land. As she looks out the other side. she sees dry barrenness. Again. the symbolic significance is clear. The twosome has an full conversation and neer references the word abortion. nor do they look at each other. They look at everything else which shows the extent to which they are uncomfortable with the topic and each other. They repeat the same phrases over and over once more without any true apprehension. although the miss does look to catch on in the terminal. This is authoritative Hemingway to demo the deficiency of communicating even between two people who are supposed to be near. A sample of Hemingway’s consummate duologue follows: Well. ’ the adult male said. if you don’t want to you don’t have to. I wouldn’t have you do it if you didn’t want to. But I know it’s absolutely simple. And you truly desire to? ’ I think it’s the best thing to make. But I don’t want you to make it if you don’t truly want to. ’ And if I do it you’ll be happy and things will be like they were and you’ll love me? ’ I love you now. You know I love you. ’ I know. But if I do it. so it will be nice once more if I say things are like white elephants. and you’ll like it? ’ I’ll love it. I love it now but I merely can’t think about it. You know how I get when I worry. ’ If I do it you won’t of all time worry? ’ I won’t concern about that because it’s absolutely simple. ’ To state that this adult male and girl do non understand each other is pure understatement. They are speaking in circles and are merely non pass oning. Hemingway’s short narratives are full of this sort of duologue. Another celebrated narrative called Cat in the Rain discusses the sense of isolation for an American married woman. As Darren Felty provinces. The work revolves around the desire of Hemingway’s supporter. an American married woman holidaying in Italy. to deliver a cat from an afternoon rain storm. She fails in her effort. disclosure in the procedure the emotional distance she feels from her hubby and the attenders at the hotel. The narrative employs a composite of barriers. enclosures. and geometrically defined inside informations to stand for the emotional and psychological boundaries that restrict character interaction ( Felty ) . This apparently simple narrative uses barriers to typify the relationship between the adult male and adult female. Once once more. communicating is a immense job. While the married woman tells her hubby of this hapless pool in the rain. he hardly looks up from his paper. Finally she ends in a fit. much like Hills Like White Elephants in order to be heard. But the inside informations of puting that Hemingway utilizations are genius to demo the disaffection of the characters. This narrative is told to hone satisfaction in two pages. In following with a really of import subject of Hemingway is Big Two-Hearted River. In this narrative. the reader follows Nick from artlessness to knowledge. Basically Nick returns to a topographic point he fished when he was younger. but the whole country has been destroyed by fire. However. by returning to this topographic point of artlessness from his young person. Nick is able to travel frontward in life as Hemingway’s heroes are. The subject of disaffection is played out chillingly good in A Clean Illuminated Place. Again. we see a Hemingway hero populating his life but accepting decease. In this narrative an old adult male comes to this diner every dark. He arrives tardily one dark as the immature server is shuting up. but the immature server doesn’t want to allow him hold a drink. An older server. the voice of experience. allows him to hold a drink because he understands merely how of import it is for everyone to hold a clean illuminated place that is unfastened every bit long as possible. In other words. he understands solitariness in a manner the younger server could neer conceive of. Lastly. an of import short narrative is The Short and Happy Life of Frances Macomber. In this narrative. Hemingway’s thought of a hero is played out. On this campaign. French republics is really frightened. He is besides ruled by his married woman. However. he stands up to his married woman and is happy for a few seconds until he is killed. Like Hemingway’s codification hero. he becomes weather ( if merely for a minute ) . He faces his fright and overcomes it ; it matters non that he dies shortly after. F. Scott Fitzgerald criticized Hemingway for composing narratives in which nil happens. That is true in a manner. There is non much action in Hemingway’s novels or short narratives. but the duologue and the scene state the reader so much. Hemingway is known for his consummate usage of duologue and his sparse inside informations to state more than a complete narrative. He describes this in his iceberg rule. If it is any usage to cognize it. I ever try to compose on the rule of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it submerged for every portion that shows. Anything you know you can extinguish and it merely strengthens your iceberg. It is the portion that doesn’t show. If a author omits something because he does non cognize it so there is a hole in the story ( Hemingway ) . Overall. Hemingway is one of the greatest American authors the universe has seen.

Sample size calculation Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sample size calculation - Math Problem Example Sampling is important in that we involve fewer respondents than using the entire population, the sample saves time and money and an appropriate sample will represent the population in that the results derived from the sample will explain the population with less error. A large sample will waste time and money while a small sample will give inaccurate results. In any given study if we were to determine the mean of the population and the mean of the sample there means are not the same, the difference between the two is termed as an error, therefore when determining the sample size we need to consider the expected error that will result to these differences. The other factor to consider is the margin of this error, this represents the maximum possible difference between the sample mean and the population mean. We consider also consider the standard deviation of the population, the reason why we consider the standard deviation is because we assume that the population assumes a normal distribution which is depicted by the central limit theorem that states that as the number of variables increase indefinitely then the variables assumes a normal distribution. For a clustered study there is need to consider the sampling design when calculating the sample size, we consider the number of clusters after calculating the sample size, after determining the sample size as shown above we multiply the results by the number of clusters, the results of this are then mu... n = [(1.96/2 . 6.9) /(0.4)] 2 n = 285.779 In this case therefore we will use a sample size n =286 derived from rounding off the figure into the nearest whole number. Cluster sampling: For a clustered study there is need to consider the sampling design when calculating the sample size, we consider the number of clusters after calculating the sample size, after determining the sample size as shown above we multiply the results by the number of clusters, the results of this are then multiplied by the an expected non response or error, example use 5%. After multiplying we then divide the results by the number of clusters to determine the number of n in each cluster. Example assumes that we have 10 clusters and we assume the level of error is 5% from our above results; the following will be the results: 285.779 X 10 = 2857.79 2857.79 X 1.05 = 3000.68 We will consider a 3,000 sample size and for each cluster we will have n = 300 Formula 2: The other formula that can be used is where we have the prevalence of the variable being studies, in this case for example we have a prevalence rate of 40% of a disease and we use the following formula: n = [Z2. x (1-x)]/ E2 Where Z is the confidence interval where if we choose 95% the area under the normal curve will be 1.96 E is the expected margin error and x is the expected prevalence of the variable being studied. Formula 3: Cochran (1963) formulated a formula that could be used in the calculation of the sample size in a study, the formula is as follows: n = (Z2 PQ)/ e2 Where n is the sample size, Z is the confidence interval, P is the estimated proportion of the attribute under study, q is derived from 1 - p and finally e is the precision level. He further stated that the above sample would further be

Answer 2 questions in form of essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer 2 questions in form of - Essay Example This is because the arguments between jurors makes others question their initial instincts which were formulated from actual case arguments, but now they are just arguing among themselves in a fight for achieving personal motives. Where once opinion was based on perceived facts of the case, quests for social dominance have changed facts to merely opinion which is impact whether the youth will get a fair trial. The idea that there are many interpretations of â€Å"the facts† is easily applied to real-life situations. For example, in the educational environment, teachers are responsible for dealing with interpersonal issues between different students at the same age level. In many situations, what the teacher is being told by each student is merely their own interpretation of what actually occurred. In order to make a decision, the teacher must realize that there is always more than just one side of the story and it might become necessary for research to decide what really occurred. A teacher could not give out reward or punishment effectively by drawing on student perceptions of fact. It would be better for the teacher to do first-hand investigation before coming to a decision. 12 Angry Men proved that civility will encourage your opponents to keep listening to you. In the movie, Jurors began to get frustrated by being unable to come to a mutual agreement about the youth’s guilt. Some people were strongly for their position of being not guilty while others simply wanted to come to some decision just to end the deliberations and go home. Juror #10 begins ranting ridiculously in a bigoted tirade, lashing out at others. This tirade makes everyone in the room stop listening to the Juror #10 and his reputation as a competent juror is damaged. Simply because people in the room did not agree with his position, one of the jurors lost their influence to coerce others in the group in order to reach a mutually-satisfying decision about the case. In real-life situations,

ECOMMERCE PROJECT MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ECOMMERCE PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The first challenge of project management is ensuring that a project is delivered within the defined constraints. The second challenge is the optimized allocation and integration of the inputs needed to meet those pre-defined objectives. (The Gale Group 2002) The goal of the project is to create the initial planning documentation required to be established for all contract negotiations. This will include: project title, sponsor, main stakeholders involved and their contact details, the project manager and major deliverables expected. The project will be designed under the following circumstances: The individual in charge of the project has been assigned as the Principal Consultant (of a 10 person team) to a new eCommerce project contracted by Brisbane City Council The goal of this person is to: 1. To create the initial planning documentation required to be established for all contract negotiations. This will include: project title, sponsor, main stakeholders involved and their contact details, the project manager and major deliverables expected. 2. The planning document will include a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) that will be utilized for the project. The WBS will require identification of ALL activities & tasks in the project and their description; person[s] responsible for each task; estimated and/or actual cost of all tasks; phase of the project. Project scope simply refers to the size of the project in terms of what will be included and what will not. For the purpose of building a website for our imaginary online Halloween-goods business, let's say that our project scope will include: A Web site design 5 pages of content 1 contact-us form A Web store Now that we know the scope of our ambitious one-month project, in terms of what will be included and the time we have to complete it, I will brainstorm a list of things outside the scope of this project - the inclusion of these things (or anything else) outside the scope of your project would constitute what's called scope creep. Let's say that our project scope will not include: anything stored in a database Multimedia like video or Flash Automatic shipping/distribution ability (Hammer) Project: SV who needs "how-to" instructions for migrating from your current skills and applications to open standards-based skills and applications, you're at the right place! Our migration tracks guide you through the resources that will accelerate your migration from proprietary technologies to an e-business on demand environment. These resources include tools, technical articles, online tutorials, classes, forums, Web casts, customized services, and other forms